ステッピングモーターとは？Arduinoと28BYJ-48、ULN2003で正確に回す

1#include <Stepper.h>
2
3const int STEPS_PER_REV = 2048;                  // 28BYJ-48 tam tur / full revolution
4Stepper motor(STEPS_PER_REV, 8, 10, 9, 11);      // sıra: IN1, IN3, IN2, IN4 / order: IN1, IN3, IN2, IN4
5
6void setup() {
7  motor.setSpeed(10);                            // devir/dakika, en fazla ~15 / RPM, max ~15
8}
9
10void loop() {
11  motor.step(STEPS_PER_REV);        // bir yönde tam tur / one full turn
12  delay(1000);
13  motor.step(-STEPS_PER_REV / 2);   // ters yönde yarım tur / half a turn back
14  delay(1000);
15}

1#include <Stepper.h>
2
3Stepper motor(2048, 8, 10, 9, 11);
4int position = 0;                                    // şu anki adım / current step
5
6void setup() {
7  motor.setSpeed(12);
8}
9
10void loop() {
11  int target = map(analogRead(A0), 0, 1023, 0, 2048);  // potansiyometre → hedef / pot → target
12  if (abs(target - position) > 10) {                 // küçük titreşimleri yok say / ignore jitter
13    motor.step(target - position);
14    position = target;
15  }
16}

1#include <AccelStepper.h>
2
3// 28BYJ-48 + ULN2003, yarım adım: tur başına 4096 / half-step: 4096 per turn
4AccelStepper motor(AccelStepper::HALF4WIRE, 8, 10, 9, 11);
5
6void setup() {
7  motor.setMaxSpeed(1000);      // adım/saniye / steps per second
8  motor.setAcceleration(400);   // adım/saniye² / steps per second²
9  motor.moveTo(4096);           // bir tur ileri / one turn forward
10}
11
12void loop() {
13  if (motor.distanceToGo() == 0) {
14    motor.moveTo(-motor.currentPosition());   // geri dön / go back
15  }
16  motor.run();                  // her döngüde çağır, bekletmez / call every loop, non-blocking
17}

1const int STEP_PIN = 3;
2const int DIR_PIN = 4;
3
4void setup() {
5  pinMode(STEP_PIN, OUTPUT);
6  pinMode(DIR_PIN, OUTPUT);
7}
8
9void loop() {
10  digitalWrite(DIR_PIN, HIGH);          // yön / direction
11  for (int i = 0; i < 200; i++) {       // NEMA 17'de 200 adım = 1 tur / 200 steps = 1 turn
12    digitalWrite(STEP_PIN, HIGH);
13    delayMicroseconds(800);             // küçüldükçe hız artar / smaller = faster
14    digitalWrite(STEP_PIN, LOW);
15    delayMicroseconds(800);
16  }
17  delay(1000);
18}

1from machine import Pin
2import time
3
4pins = [Pin(n, Pin.OUT) for n in (2, 3, 4, 5)]      # IN1–IN4 → GP2–GP5
5SEQ = [[1,0,0,0],[1,1,0,0],[0,1,0,0],[0,1,1,0],
6       [0,0,1,0],[0,0,1,1],[0,0,0,1],[1,0,0,1]]    # yarım adım dizisi / half-step sequence
7
8def rotate(steps, delay_ms=2):
9    direction = 1 if steps > 0 else -1
10    for i in range(abs(steps)):
11        for pin, value in zip(pins, SEQ[(i * direction) % 8]):
12            pin.value(value)
13        time.sleep_ms(delay_ms)
14    for pin in pins:
15        pin.value(0)                                   # bobinleri bırak / release coils
16
17rotate(4096)        # bir tur / one turn (half-step)
18rotate(-1024)       # çeyrek tur geri / quarter turn back