KY-008レーザーモジュールとArduino：レーザー侵入警報とタイマー

1// KY-008 + LDR ilk test: lazer açıkken ve kapalıyken değerleri gör / First test: see readings with the laser on and off
2const int LASER_PIN = 7;   // KY-008 S pini / KY-008 S pin
3const int LDR_PIN = A0;    // LDR bölücü çıkışı / LDR divider output
4
5void setup() {
6  Serial.begin(9600);
7  pinMode(LASER_PIN, OUTPUT);
8}
9
10void loop() {
11  digitalWrite(LASER_PIN, HIGH);   // lazer açık / laser on
12  delay(500);                      // LDR'nin oturmasını bekle / let the LDR settle
13  int onValue = analogRead(LDR_PIN);
14
15  digitalWrite(LASER_PIN, LOW);    // lazer kapalı / laser off
16  delay(500);
17  int offValue = analogRead(LDR_PIN);
18
19  Serial.print(F("Isin var / beam: "));
20  Serial.print(onValue);
21  Serial.print(F("  Isin yok / no beam: "));
22  Serial.print(offValue);
23  Serial.print(F("  Fark / gap: "));
24  Serial.println(onValue - offValue);
25}

1// KY-008 lazer + LDR ile lazerli alarm / Laser tripwire alarm with KY-008 + LDR
2const int LASER_PIN = 7;       // KY-008 S pini ya da transistör bazı / KY-008 S pin or transistor base
3const int LDR_PIN = A0;        // LDR bölücü çıkışı / LDR divider output
4const int BUZZER_PIN = 8;      // aktif buzzer / active buzzer
5const int LED_PIN = 13;        // kart üzerindeki LED / on-board LED
6const int RESET_PIN = 4;       // susturma butonu, diğer ucu GND / silence button, other leg to GND
7
8const int BREAK_PCT = 40;                // %40'ın altı = ışın kesik / below 40% = beam broken
9const int RESTORE_PCT = 60;              // %60'ın üstü = ışın sağlam / above 60% = beam intact
10const unsigned long CONFIRM_MS = 30;     // en az bu kadar kesik kalmalı / must stay broken this long
11const unsigned long ALARM_MS = 10000;    // alarm süresi / alarm duration
12
13int onLevel = 0, offLevel = 0;           // ışınlı ve ışınsız ölçüm / reading with and without the beam
14bool beamOk = true;
15bool alarmOn = false;
16unsigned long brokenSince = 0;
17unsigned long alarmStart = 0;
18
19int readAvg() {
20  long sum = 0;
21  for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) sum += analogRead(LDR_PIN);  // 8 ölçüm ortalaması / average of 8 readings
22  return sum / 8;
23}
24
25void calibrate() {
26  while (true) {
27    digitalWrite(LASER_PIN, LOW);        // lazer kapalı = kesik ışın / laser off = broken beam
28    delay(300);                          // LDR yavaştır, bekle / the LDR is slow, wait
29    offLevel = readAvg();
30    digitalWrite(LASER_PIN, HIGH);       // lazer açık = sağlam ışın / laser on = intact beam
31    delay(300);
32    onLevel = readAvg();
33    Serial.print(F("Isinli / beam: "));
34    Serial.print(onLevel);
35    Serial.print(F("  Isinsiz / no beam: "));
36    Serial.println(offLevel);
37    if (abs(onLevel - offLevel) >= 100) return;   // yeterli fark var / enough difference
38    Serial.println(F("Isin LDR'ye ulasmiyor, hizala! / Beam misses the LDR, align it!"));
39    delay(2000);
40  }
41}
42
43// 100 = ışın tam, 0 = ışın yok; LDR'nin yönü fark etmez / 100 = full beam, 0 = no beam; LDR polarity doesn't matter
44int beamPercent() {
45  return (long)(readAvg() - offLevel) * 100 / (onLevel - offLevel);
46}
47
48void setup() {
49  Serial.begin(9600);
50  pinMode(LASER_PIN, OUTPUT);
51  pinMode(BUZZER_PIN, OUTPUT);
52  pinMode(LED_PIN, OUTPUT);
53  pinMode(RESET_PIN, INPUT_PULLUP);
54  calibrate();
55  Serial.println(F("Alarm hazir / Alarm armed"));
56}
57
58void loop() {
59  unsigned long now = millis();
60  int pct = beamPercent();
61
62  if (beamOk && pct < BREAK_PCT) {       // ışın yeni kesildi / beam just broke
63    beamOk = false;
64    brokenSince = now;
65  } else if (!beamOk && pct > RESTORE_PCT) {
66    beamOk = true;                       // ışın geri geldi / beam restored
67  }
68
69  if (!beamOk && !alarmOn && now - brokenSince >= CONFIRM_MS) {
70    alarmOn = true;
71    alarmStart = now;
72    Serial.println(F("ALARM: isin kesildi! / beam broken!"));
73  }
74
75  if (alarmOn && (now - alarmStart >= ALARM_MS || digitalRead(RESET_PIN) == LOW)) {
76    alarmOn = false;                     // süre doldu ya da butona basıldı / timeout or button pressed
77  }
78
79  digitalWrite(LED_PIN, beamOk ? LOW : HIGH);
80  digitalWrite(BUZZER_PIN, (alarmOn && (now / 200) % 2) ? HIGH : LOW);  // kesik siren / beeping siren
81}

1// Lazer bariyeriyle geçiş sayacı ve kesilme süresi / Laser barrier pass counter and block time
2const int LASER_PIN = 7;                 // KY-008 S pini / KY-008 S pin
3const int LDR_PIN = A0;                  // LDR bölücü çıkışı / LDR divider output
4const unsigned long MIN_BREAK_MS = 15;   // daha kısa kesintiler parazittir / shorter breaks are noise
5const float OBJECT_LENGTH_M = 0.0;       // cismin boyu biliniyorsa yaz (ör. 0.25) / object length if known (e.g. 0.25)
6
7int onLevel = 0, offLevel = 0;
8bool beamOk = true;
9unsigned long brokenSince = 0;
10unsigned long passCount = 0;
11
12int readAvg() {
13  long sum = 0;
14  for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) sum += analogRead(LDR_PIN);  // 4 ölçüm yeterli ve hızlı / 4 readings: enough and fast
15  return sum / 4;
16}
17
18void calibrate() {
19  while (true) {
20    digitalWrite(LASER_PIN, LOW);
21    delay(300);
22    offLevel = readAvg();
23    digitalWrite(LASER_PIN, HIGH);
24    delay(300);
25    onLevel = readAvg();
26    if (abs(onLevel - offLevel) >= 100) return;
27    Serial.println(F("Isin LDR'ye ulasmiyor / Beam misses the LDR"));
28    delay(2000);
29  }
30}
31
32int beamPercent() {
33  return (long)(readAvg() - offLevel) * 100 / (onLevel - offLevel);
34}
35
36void setup() {
37  Serial.begin(9600);
38  pinMode(LASER_PIN, OUTPUT);
39  calibrate();
40  Serial.println(F("Sayac hazir / Counter ready"));
41}
42
43void loop() {
44  unsigned long now = millis();
45  int pct = beamPercent();
46
47  if (beamOk && pct < 40) {
48    beamOk = false;
49    brokenSince = now;                   // kesilme anı / moment of the break
50  } else if (!beamOk && pct > 60) {
51    beamOk = true;
52    unsigned long blocked = now - brokenSince;   // ışın ne kadar kesik kaldı / how long the beam was blocked
53    if (blocked >= MIN_BREAK_MS) {
54      passCount++;
55      Serial.print(F("Gecis / Pass #"));
56      Serial.print(passCount);
57      Serial.print(F("  Sure / Time: "));
58      Serial.print(blocked);
59      Serial.print(F(" ms"));
60      if (OBJECT_LENGTH_M > 0) {
61        float speed = OBJECT_LENGTH_M / (blocked / 1000.0);  // v = L / t
62        Serial.print(F("  Hiz / Speed: "));
63        Serial.print(speed, 2);
64        Serial.print(F(" m/s"));
65      }
66      Serial.println();
67    }
68  }
69}

1// İki lazer kapılı yarış zamanlayıcı ve hız ölçer / Two-gate laser race timer and speed meter
2const int LASER_PIN = 7;                 // iki lazer tek transistörle / both lasers through one transistor
3const int START_LDR = A0;                // başlangıç kapısı / start gate
4const int FINISH_LDR = A1;               // bitiş kapısı / finish gate
5const int BUZZER_PIN = 8;                // aktif buzzer / active buzzer
6const float DISTANCE_M = 10.0;           // kapılar arası mesafe (metre) / distance between the gates (m)
7const unsigned long TIMEOUT_MS = 60000;  // 60 sn'de bitmezse iptal / cancel after 60 s
8
9int onA, offA, onB, offB;
10enum State { READY, RUNNING, DONE };
11State state = READY;
12unsigned long startUs = 0;
13unsigned long startMs = 0;
14unsigned long doneMs = 0;
15
16int readAvg(int pin) {
17  long sum = 0;
18  for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) sum += analogRead(pin);
19  return sum / 4;
20}
21
22bool isBroken(int pin, int on, int off) {
23  long pct = (long)(readAvg(pin) - off) * 100 / (on - off);
24  return pct < 40;                       // %40'ın altı = kesik / below 40% = broken
25}
26
27void calibrate() {
28  while (true) {
29    digitalWrite(LASER_PIN, LOW);        // iki lazer de kapalı / both lasers off
30    delay(300);
31    offA = readAvg(START_LDR);
32    offB = readAvg(FINISH_LDR);
33    digitalWrite(LASER_PIN, HIGH);       // iki lazer de açık / both lasers on
34    delay(300);
35    onA = readAvg(START_LDR);
36    onB = readAvg(FINISH_LDR);
37    if (abs(onA - offA) >= 100 && abs(onB - offB) >= 100) return;
38    Serial.println(F("Kapilardan biri hizali degil / One gate is misaligned"));
39    delay(2000);
40  }
41}
42
43void beep(int ms) {
44  digitalWrite(BUZZER_PIN, HIGH);
45  delay(ms);
46  digitalWrite(BUZZER_PIN, LOW);
47}
48
49void setup() {
50  Serial.begin(9600);
51  pinMode(LASER_PIN, OUTPUT);
52  pinMode(BUZZER_PIN, OUTPUT);
53  calibrate();
54  Serial.println(F("Hazir: baslangic kapisini gec / Ready: cross the start gate"));
55}
56
57void loop() {
58  if (state == READY && isBroken(START_LDR, onA, offA)) {
59    startUs = micros();                  // zamanı hemen al / grab the time immediately
60    startMs = millis();
61    state = RUNNING;
62    beep(30);
63  } else if (state == RUNNING) {
64    if (isBroken(FINISH_LDR, onB, offB)) {
65      unsigned long elapsedUs = micros() - startUs;
66      float seconds = elapsedUs / 1000000.0;
67      float speed = DISTANCE_M / seconds;            // v = d / t
68      Serial.print(F("Sure / Time: "));
69      Serial.print(seconds, 3);
70      Serial.print(F(" s  Hiz / Speed: "));
71      Serial.print(speed, 2);
72      Serial.print(F(" m/s = "));
73      Serial.print(speed * 3.6, 1);
74      Serial.println(F(" km/h"));
75      beep(300);
76      state = DONE;
77      doneMs = millis();
78    } else if (millis() - startMs > TIMEOUT_MS) {
79      Serial.println(F("Zaman asimi / Timeout"));
80      state = READY;
81    }
82  } else if (state == DONE && millis() - doneMs > 3000 &&
83             !isBroken(START_LDR, onA, offA) && !isBroken(FINISH_LDR, onB, offB)) {
84    state = READY;                       // 3 sn sonra yeni tur / new run after 3 s
85    Serial.println(F("Hazir / Ready"));
86  }
87}

1// ESP32 lazer bariyeri + Telegram bildirimi / ESP32 laser tripwire + Telegram notification
2#include <WiFi.h>
3#include <WiFiClientSecure.h>
4#include <UniversalTelegramBot.h>        // ArduinoJson kütüphanesi de gerekir / also needs the ArduinoJson library
5
6const char* WIFI_SSID = "WIFI_ADI";      // Wi-Fi ağının adı / your Wi-Fi name
7const char* WIFI_PASS = "WIFI_SIFRESI";  // Wi-Fi şifren / your Wi-Fi password
8#define BOT_TOKEN "1234567890:ABCdefGhIJKlmNoPQRstuVWXyz"  // BotFather'dan / from BotFather
9#define CHAT_ID "123456789"              // senin chat ID'n / your chat ID
10
11const int LASER_PIN = 26;                // NPN transistör bazına 1 kΩ ile / to the NPN base via 1 kΩ
12const int LDR_PIN = 34;                  // ADC1 pini, Wi-Fi ile çalışır / ADC1 pin, works with Wi-Fi
13const int BUZZER_PIN = 25;               // aktif buzzer / active buzzer
14const unsigned long CONFIRM_MS = 30;     // en az bu kadar kesik kalmalı / must stay broken this long
15const unsigned long SIREN_MS = 5000;     // siren süresi / siren duration
16const unsigned long COOLDOWN_MS = 30000; // iki deneme arası en az 30 sn / at least 30 s between attempts
17
18WiFiClientSecure client;
19UniversalTelegramBot bot(BOT_TOKEN, client);
20
21int onLevel = 0, offLevel = 0;
22bool beamOk = true;
23bool counted = false;                    // bu kesinti sayıldı mı / has this break been counted
24unsigned long brokenSince = 0;
25bool sirenOn = false;
26unsigned long sirenStart = 0;
27unsigned long breakCount = 0;
28bool pending = false;                    // gönderilecek bildirim var / a notification is waiting
29bool triedOnce = false;
30unsigned long lastTry = 0;
31
32int readAvg() {
33  long sum = 0;
34  for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) sum += analogRead(LDR_PIN);  // 16 ölçüm ortalaması / average of 16 readings
35  return sum / 16;
36}
37
38void calibrate() {
39  while (true) {
40    digitalWrite(LASER_PIN, LOW);        // lazer kapalı = kesik ışın / laser off = broken beam
41    delay(300);
42    offLevel = readAvg();
43    digitalWrite(LASER_PIN, HIGH);       // lazer açık = sağlam ışın / laser on = intact beam
44    delay(300);
45    onLevel = readAvg();
46    Serial.printf("Isinli / beam: %d  Isinsiz / no beam: %d\n", onLevel, offLevel);
47    if (abs(onLevel - offLevel) >= 400) return;   // 12 bit ölçekte yeterli fark / enough gap on the 12-bit scale
48    Serial.println("Isin LDR'ye ulasmiyor / Beam misses the LDR");
49    delay(2000);
50  }
51}
52
53int beamPercent() {
54  return (long)(readAvg() - offLevel) * 100 / (onLevel - offLevel);
55}
56
57void setup() {
58  Serial.begin(115200);
59  pinMode(LASER_PIN, OUTPUT);
60  pinMode(BUZZER_PIN, OUTPUT);
61  calibrate();
62
63  WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA);
64  WiFi.begin(WIFI_SSID, WIFI_PASS);
65  client.setCACert(TELEGRAM_CERTIFICATE_ROOT);    // api.telegram.org kök sertifikası / root certificate
66  unsigned long start = millis();
67  while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED && millis() - start < 15000) {  // en fazla 15 sn bekle / wait up to 15 s
68    delay(500);
69    Serial.print(".");
70  }
71  if (WiFi.status() == WL_CONNECTED) {
72    Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
73    bot.sendMessage(CHAT_ID, "Lazer alarmi devrede / Laser alarm armed", "");
74  }
75}
76
77void loop() {
78  unsigned long now = millis();
79  int pct = beamPercent();
80
81  if (beamOk && pct < 40) {              // ışın yeni kesildi / beam just broke
82    beamOk = false;
83    counted = false;
84    brokenSince = now;
85  } else if (!beamOk && pct > 60) {
86    beamOk = true;                       // ışın geri geldi / beam restored
87  }
88
89  if (!beamOk && !counted && now - brokenSince >= CONFIRM_MS) {
90    counted = true;                      // her kesinti bir kez sayılır / each break counts once
91    breakCount++;
92    pending = true;
93    sirenOn = true;
94    sirenStart = now;
95    Serial.printf("Kesinti / Break #%lu\n", breakCount);
96  }
97
98  if (sirenOn && now - sirenStart >= SIREN_MS) sirenOn = false;
99  digitalWrite(BUZZER_PIN, (sirenOn && (now / 200) % 2) ? HIGH : LOW);  // kesik siren / beeping siren
100
101  if (pending && (!triedOnce || now - lastTry >= COOLDOWN_MS)) {
102    triedOnce = true;
103    lastTry = now;
104    if (WiFi.status() == WL_CONNECTED) {
105      String text = "Lazer bariyeri kesildi! / Laser beam broken! Toplam / Total: " + String(breakCount);
106      if (bot.sendMessage(CHAT_ID, text, "")) pending = false;  // gitmezse 30 sn sonra yeniden / retry in 30 s if it fails
107    } else {
108      WiFi.reconnect();                  // bağlantı koptuysa yeniden dene / reconnect if the link dropped
109    }
110  }
111}

1# Raspberry Pi Pico lazer bariyeri: alarm + geçiş sayacı / Laser barrier: alarm + pass counter
2from machine import Pin, ADC
3import time
4
5laser = Pin(15, Pin.OUT)        # NPN transistör bazına 1 kΩ ile / to the NPN base via 1 kΩ
6ldr = ADC(26)                   # GP26 = ADC0, bölücü 3V3'ten / divider fed from 3V3
7buzzer = Pin(14, Pin.OUT)       # aktif buzzer / active buzzer
8
9CONFIRM_MS = 30                 # en az bu kadar kesik kalmalı / must stay broken this long
10SIREN_MS = 5000                 # siren süresi / siren duration
11
12
13def read_avg(n=8):
14    total = 0
15    for _ in range(n):
16        total += ldr.read_u16()
17    return total // n
18
19
20def calibrate():
21    while True:
22        laser.value(0)          # lazer kapalı = kesik ışın / laser off = broken beam
23        time.sleep_ms(300)
24        off = read_avg(32)
25        laser.value(1)          # lazer açık = sağlam ışın / laser on = intact beam
26        time.sleep_ms(300)
27        on = read_avg(32)
28        print("Isinli / beam:", on, " Isinsiz / no beam:", off)
29        if abs(on - off) > 6000:          # 16 bit ölçekte yeterli fark / enough gap on the 16-bit scale
30            return on, off
31        print("Isin LDR'ye ulasmiyor / Beam misses the LDR")
32        time.sleep(2)
33
34
35on_level, off_level = calibrate()
36beam_ok = True
37counted = False
38broken_at = time.ticks_ms()
39siren_until = time.ticks_ms()
40count = 0
41
42while True:
43    now = time.ticks_ms()
44    pct = (read_avg() - off_level) * 100 // (on_level - off_level)   # 100 = ışın tam / full beam
45
46    if beam_ok and pct < 40:            # ışın yeni kesildi / beam just broke
47        beam_ok = False
48        counted = False
49        broken_at = now
50    elif not beam_ok and pct > 60:      # ışın geri geldi / beam restored
51        beam_ok = True
52        print("Kesik kaldigi sure / blocked for", time.ticks_diff(now, broken_at), "ms")
53
54    if not beam_ok and not counted and time.ticks_diff(now, broken_at) >= CONFIRM_MS:
55        counted = True                  # her kesinti bir kez sayılır / each break counts once
56        count += 1
57        siren_until = time.ticks_add(now, SIREN_MS)
58        print("Gecis / Pass:", count)
59
60    siren = time.ticks_diff(siren_until, now) > 0
61    buzzer.value(1 if siren and (now // 200) % 2 else 0)   # kesik siren / beeping siren