MPU6050とArduinoの使い方：加速度センサー、ジャイロスコープ、傾斜角

1#include <Wire.h>
2#include <Adafruit_MPU6050.h>
3#include <Adafruit_Sensor.h>
4
5Adafruit_MPU6050 mpu;
6
7void setup() {
8  Serial.begin(115200);
9  if (!mpu.begin()) {                             // varsayılan adres 0x68 / default address 0x68
10    Serial.println("MPU6050 bulunamadi / not found");
11    while (true) delay(10);
12  }
13  mpu.setAccelerometerRange(MPU6050_RANGE_4_G);   // ±4 g
14  mpu.setGyroRange(MPU6050_RANGE_500_DEG);        // ±500 °/s
15  mpu.setFilterBandwidth(MPU6050_BAND_21_HZ);     // titreşimi süz / filter out vibration
16}
17
18void loop() {
19  sensors_event_t a, g, t;
20  mpu.getEvent(&a, &g, &t);
21  Serial.print("ax:");  Serial.print(a.acceleration.x);   // m/s²
22  Serial.print(" ay:"); Serial.print(a.acceleration.y);
23  Serial.print(" az:"); Serial.print(a.acceleration.z);
24  Serial.print(" gx:"); Serial.print(g.gyro.x);           // rad/s
25  Serial.print(" gy:"); Serial.print(g.gyro.y);
26  Serial.print(" gz:"); Serial.print(g.gyro.z);
27  Serial.print(" T:");  Serial.println(t.temperature);    // °C
28  delay(100);
29}

1#include <Wire.h>
2
3const int MPU_ADDR = 0x68;           // AD0 GND'de ya da boşta / AD0 to GND or floating
4const float GYRO_LSB = 131.0;        // ±250 °/s aralığında 1 °/s / 1 °/s at the ±250 °/s range
5const float ALPHA = 0.98;            // tamamlayıcı filtre katsayısı / complementary filter weight
6
7int16_t ax, ay, az, tempRaw, gx, gy, gz;
8float gxOff = 0, gyOff = 0, gzOff = 0;   // jiroskop sapmaları / gyro offsets
9float roll = 0, pitch = 0, yaw = 0;
10unsigned long lastMicros;
11
12void writeReg(uint8_t reg, uint8_t val) {
13  Wire.beginTransmission(MPU_ADDR);
14  Wire.write(reg);
15  Wire.write(val);
16  Wire.endTransmission();
17}
18
19int16_t read16() {
20  uint8_t hi = Wire.read();          // önce yüksek bayt / high byte first
21  uint8_t lo = Wire.read();
22  return (int16_t)(((uint16_t)hi << 8) | lo);
23}
24
25void readMPU() {
26  Wire.beginTransmission(MPU_ADDR);
27  Wire.write(0x3B);                  // ACCEL_XOUT_H
28  Wire.endTransmission(false);       // hattı bırakma, tekrar başlat / repeated start
29  Wire.requestFrom(MPU_ADDR, 14);    // ivme 6 + sıcaklık 2 + jiroskop 6 bayt / accel 6 + temp 2 + gyro 6 bytes
30  ax = read16(); ay = read16(); az = read16();
31  tempRaw = read16();
32  gx = read16(); gy = read16(); gz = read16();
33}
34
35void calibrateGyro() {
36  const int N = 500;
37  long sx = 0, sy = 0, sz = 0;
38  for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
39    readMPU();
40    sx += gx; sy += gy; sz += gz;
41    delay(3);
42  }
43  gxOff = sx / (float)N;
44  gyOff = sy / (float)N;
45  gzOff = sz / (float)N;
46}
47
48void setup() {
49  Serial.begin(115200);
50  Wire.begin();
51  Wire.setClock(400000);             // 400 kHz hızlı mod / 400 kHz fast mode
52  writeReg(0x6B, 0x00);              // PWR_MGMT_1: uykudan uyandır / wake up
53  writeReg(0x1A, 0x03);              // CONFIG: alçak geçiren filtre ~44 Hz / low-pass ~44 Hz
54  writeReg(0x1B, 0x00);              // GYRO_CONFIG: ±250 °/s
55  writeReg(0x1C, 0x00);              // ACCEL_CONFIG: ±2 g
56  delay(100);
57  Serial.println("Kalibrasyon: sensoru oynatma / calibrating: keep still");
58  calibrateGyro();
59  readMPU();
60  roll  = atan2(ay, az) * RAD_TO_DEG;                                    // başlangıç açıları / initial angles
61  pitch = atan2(-ax, sqrt((float)ay * ay + (float)az * az)) * RAD_TO_DEG;
62  lastMicros = micros();
63}
64
65void loop() {
66  readMPU();
67  unsigned long now = micros();
68  float dt = (now - lastMicros) / 1000000.0;   // saniye / seconds
69  lastMicros = now;
70
71  float accRoll  = atan2(ay, az) * RAD_TO_DEG;                           // ivmeölçerden açı / angle from accelerometer
72  float accPitch = atan2(-ax, sqrt((float)ay * ay + (float)az * az)) * RAD_TO_DEG;
73  float gxRate = (gx - gxOff) / GYRO_LSB;      // °/s
74  float gyRate = (gy - gyOff) / GYRO_LSB;
75  float gzRate = (gz - gzOff) / GYRO_LSB;
76
77  roll  = ALPHA * (roll  + gxRate * dt) + (1 - ALPHA) * accRoll;        // tamamlayıcı filtre / complementary filter
78  pitch = ALPHA * (pitch + gyRate * dt) + (1 - ALPHA) * accPitch;
79  yaw  += gzRate * dt;                         // yalnız jiroskop: zamanla kayar / gyro only: drifts over time
80
81  Serial.print("roll:");   Serial.print(roll, 1);
82  Serial.print(" pitch:"); Serial.print(pitch, 1);
83  Serial.print(" yaw:");   Serial.println(yaw, 1);
84  delay(10);                                   // yaklaşık 100 Hz / about 100 Hz
85}

1#include <Wire.h>
2#include <Adafruit_MPU6050.h>
3#include <Adafruit_Sensor.h>
4
5Adafruit_MPU6050 mpu;
6const int BUZZER_PIN = 25;           // aktif buzzer / active buzzer
7const float FREE_FALL_G = 0.4;       // serbest düşüş eşiği / free-fall threshold
8const float IMPACT_G = 2.5;          // darbe eşiği / impact threshold
9unsigned long fallStart = 0, fallEnd = 0;
10
11void setup() {
12  Serial.begin(115200);
13  pinMode(BUZZER_PIN, OUTPUT);
14  Wire.begin(21, 22);                // SDA, SCL
15  if (!mpu.begin(0x68, &Wire)) {
16    Serial.println("MPU6050 bulunamadi / not found");
17    while (true) delay(10);
18  }
19  mpu.setAccelerometerRange(MPU6050_RANGE_8_G);   // darbeler için geniş aralık / wide range for impacts
20  mpu.setFilterBandwidth(MPU6050_BAND_94_HZ);     // kısa darbeleri kaçırma / keep short peaks
21}
22
23void loop() {
24  sensors_event_t a, g, t;
25  mpu.getEvent(&a, &g, &t);
26  float x = a.acceleration.x, y = a.acceleration.y, z = a.acceleration.z;
27  float total = sqrt(x * x + y * y + z * z) / SENSORS_GRAVITY_STANDARD;   // toplam ivme, g / total acceleration in g
28  unsigned long now = millis();
29
30  if (total < FREE_FALL_G) {
31    if (fallStart == 0) fallStart = now;             // düşüş başladı / fall started
32  } else if (fallStart != 0) {
33    if (now - fallStart > 100) fallEnd = now;        // en az 100 ms süren düşüş / fall of at least 100 ms
34    fallStart = 0;
35  }
36
37  if (fallEnd != 0 && now - fallEnd < 500 && total > IMPACT_G) {   // düşüşten sonra 0,5 s içinde darbe / impact within 0.5 s
38    Serial.println("DUSME ALGILANDI / FALL DETECTED");
39    digitalWrite(BUZZER_PIN, HIGH);
40    delay(1000);
41    digitalWrite(BUZZER_PIN, LOW);
42    fallEnd = 0;
43  }
44  if (fallEnd != 0 && now - fallEnd >= 500) fallEnd = 0;   // darbe gelmedi, sıfırla / no impact, reset
45  delay(5);
46}

1from machine import Pin, I2C
2import math, struct, time
3
4MPU = 0x68
5i2c = I2C(0, sda=Pin(4), scl=Pin(5), freq=400000)
6print("Bulunan adresler / found addresses:", [hex(a) for a in i2c.scan()])
7
8i2c.writeto_mem(MPU, 0x6B, b"\x00")     # uykudan uyandır / wake up
9i2c.writeto_mem(MPU, 0x1A, b"\x03")     # alçak geçiren filtre ~44 Hz / low-pass ~44 Hz
10i2c.writeto_mem(MPU, 0x1B, b"\x00")     # jiroskop ±250 °/s / gyro ±250 °/s
11i2c.writeto_mem(MPU, 0x1C, b"\x00")     # ivmeölçer ±2 g / accelerometer ±2 g
12roll = pitch = 0.0
13last = time.ticks_us()
14
15while True:
16    data = i2c.readfrom_mem(MPU, 0x3B, 14)
17    ax, ay, az, t, gx, gy, gz = struct.unpack(">hhhhhhh", data)   # büyük endian, işaretli / big-endian, signed
18    now = time.ticks_us()
19    dt = time.ticks_diff(now, last) / 1000000
20    last = now
21    acc_roll = math.degrees(math.atan2(ay, az))
22    acc_pitch = math.degrees(math.atan2(-ax, math.sqrt(ay * ay + az * az)))
23    roll = 0.98 * (roll + gx / 131 * dt) + 0.02 * acc_roll        # tamamlayıcı filtre / complementary filter
24    pitch = 0.98 * (pitch + gy / 131 * dt) + 0.02 * acc_pitch
25    temp = t / 340 + 36.53                                        # °C
26    print("roll {:.1f}  pitch {:.1f}  T {:.1f}".format(roll, pitch, temp))
27    time.sleep_ms(10)