ArduinoでLEDキューブ：3x3x3と4x4x4キューブの作り方とコード

1// 3x3x3 LED küp: katman çoklama ve dizilerle animasyon / 3x3x3 LED cube: layer multiplexing and array animations
2const byte colPins[9]   = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10};   // sütun anotları, 220 ohm ile / column anodes via 220 ohm
3const byte layerPins[3] = {A0, A1, A2};                     // alt, orta, üst katman transistörü / bottom, middle, top layer transistor
4
5// Her kare 3 katman, her katman 9 bit: bit c = sütun c (c = y*3 + x)
6// Each frame has 3 layers of 9 bits: bit c = column c (c = y*3 + x)
7const uint16_t frames[][3] PROGMEM = {
8  {0b111111111, 0b000000000, 0b000000000},  // 0: alt katman / bottom layer
9  {0b000000000, 0b111111111, 0b000000000},  // 1: orta katman / middle layer
10  {0b000000000, 0b000000000, 0b111111111},  // 2: üst katman / top layer
11  {0b000000000, 0b000010000, 0b000000000},  // 3: yalnız merkez / centre only
12  {0b111101111, 0b101000101, 0b111101111},  // 4: tel kafes, 12 kenar / wireframe, 12 edges
13  {0b010010010, 0b010010010, 0b010010010},  // 5: dönen düzlem, 1. konum / rotating plane, step 1
14  {0b100010001, 0b100010001, 0b100010001},  // 6: dönen düzlem, 2. konum / rotating plane, step 2
15  {0b000111000, 0b000111000, 0b000111000},  // 7: dönen düzlem, 3. konum / rotating plane, step 3
16  {0b001010100, 0b001010100, 0b001010100},  // 8: dönen düzlem, 4. konum / rotating plane, step 4
17  {0b111111111, 0b111111111, 0b111111111}   // 9: hepsi açık / all on
18};
19
20void setup() {
21  for (byte c = 0; c < 9; c++) pinMode(colPins[c], OUTPUT);
22  for (byte z = 0; z < 3; z++) pinMode(layerPins[z], OUTPUT);  // LOW: katmanlar kapalı / LOW: layers off
23}
24
25// Bir kareyi verilen süre boyunca katman katman tarar / scans one frame layer by layer for the given time
26void showFrame(byte f, unsigned int ms) {
27  unsigned long start = millis();
28  while (millis() - start < ms) {
29    for (byte z = 0; z < 3; z++) {
30      uint16_t bits = pgm_read_word(&frames[f][z]);         // katman verisini oku / read the layer data
31      for (byte c = 0; c < 9; c++) digitalWrite(colPins[c], bitRead(bits, c));
32      digitalWrite(layerPins[z], HIGH);                      // katmanı aç / layer on
33      delay(3);                                              // 3 ms göster / show for 3 ms
34      digitalWrite(layerPins[z], LOW);                       // sütunlar değişmeden önce kapat / off before the columns change
35    }
36  }
37}
38
39void loop() {
40  for (byte f = 0; f <= 4; f++) showFrame(f, 500);           // katmanlar, merkez, kafes / layers, centre, wireframe
41  for (byte turn = 0; turn < 4; turn++)                      // düzlemi 4 tur döndür / spin the plane 4 times
42    for (byte f = 5; f <= 8; f++) showFrame(f, 120);
43  showFrame(9, 800);                                         // hepsi açık / all on
44}

1// 4x4x4 LED küp: 2 adet 74HC595 (16 sütun) + 4 transistörlü katman / 4x4x4 LED cube: two 74HC595s (16 columns) + 4 transistor layers
2const byte DATA_PIN  = 11;                 // 74HC595 DS (14)
3const byte CLOCK_PIN = 13;                 // 74HC595 SH_CP (11)
4const byte LATCH_PIN = 10;                 // 74HC595 ST_CP (12)
5const byte layerPins[4] = {2, 3, 4, 5};    // alttan üste katman transistörleri, 470 ohm ile / layer transistors bottom to top, via 470 ohm
6
7uint16_t cube[4];                          // ekrandaki görüntü: katman başına 16 bit / current image: 16 bits per layer
8
9// Hazır kareler: bit c = sütun c (c = y*4 + x) / ready-made frames: bit c = column c (c = y*4 + x)
10const uint16_t frames[][4] PROGMEM = {
11  {0xFFFF, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000},        // alt katman / bottom layer
12  {0x0000, 0xFFFF, 0x0000, 0x0000},
13  {0x0000, 0x0000, 0xFFFF, 0x0000},
14  {0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0xFFFF},        // üst katman / top layer
15  {0x9009, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x9009},        // 8 köşe / 8 corners
16  {0xF99F, 0x9009, 0x9009, 0xF99F},        // tel kafes / wireframe
17  {0x0000, 0x0660, 0x0660, 0x0000}         // içteki 2x2x2 küp / inner 2x2x2 cube
18};
19const byte FRAME_COUNT = sizeof(frames) / sizeof(frames[0]);
20
21void write16(uint16_t v) {                 // 16 biti iki entegreye gönder / send 16 bits to both chips
22  digitalWrite(LATCH_PIN, LOW);
23  shiftOut(DATA_PIN, CLOCK_PIN, MSBFIRST, highByte(v));  // önce uzaktaki entegre / far chip first
24  shiftOut(DATA_PIN, CLOCK_PIN, MSBFIRST, lowByte(v));
25  digitalWrite(LATCH_PIN, HIGH);           // çıkışlara aktar / copy to the outputs
26}
27
28void refresh() {                           // her 2 ms'de sıradaki katmana geç / move to the next layer every 2 ms
29  static byte z = 0;
30  static unsigned long last = 0;
31  if (micros() - last < 2000) return;
32  last = micros();
33  digitalWrite(layerPins[z], LOW);         // eski katmanı kapat / old layer off
34  z = (z + 1) % 4;
35  write16(cube[z]);                        // yeni katmanın sütunları / columns of the new layer
36  digitalWrite(layerPins[z], HIGH);        // yeni katmanı aç / new layer on
37}
38
39void holdFor(unsigned int ms) {            // beklerken küpü yenilemeye devam et / keep refreshing while waiting
40  unsigned long start = millis();
41  while (millis() - start < ms) refresh();
42}
43
44void clearCube() {
45  for (byte z = 0; z < 4; z++) cube[z] = 0;
46}
47
48void setVoxel(byte x, byte y, byte z) {    // tek LED yak, x/y/z = 0..3 / light one LED, x/y/z = 0..3
49  bitSet(cube[z], y * 4 + x);
50}
51
52void loadFrame(byte f) {                   // PROGMEM'deki kareyi yükle / load a frame from PROGMEM
53  for (byte z = 0; z < 4; z++) cube[z] = pgm_read_word(&frames[f][z]);
54}
55
56void sweep() {                             // dikey düzlemi x ekseninde kaydır / sweep a vertical plane along x
57  for (byte x = 0; x < 4; x++) {
58    clearCube();
59    for (byte y = 0; y < 4; y++)
60      for (byte z = 0; z < 4; z++) setVoxel(x, y, z);
61    holdFor(150);
62  }
63}
64
65void rain(byte steps) {                    // yağmur: damlalar yukarıdan düşer / rain: drops fall from the top
66  clearCube();
67  for (byte s = 0; s < steps; s++) {
68    for (byte z = 0; z < 3; z++) cube[z] = cube[z + 1];   // her şeyi bir kat indir / move everything down a layer
69    cube[3] = bit(random(16)) | bit(random(16));         // üstte 1-2 yeni damla / 1-2 new drops on top
70    holdFor(120);
71  }
72}
73
74void setup() {
75  pinMode(DATA_PIN, OUTPUT);
76  pinMode(CLOCK_PIN, OUTPUT);
77  pinMode(LATCH_PIN, OUTPUT);
78  for (byte z = 0; z < 4; z++) pinMode(layerPins[z], OUTPUT);
79  randomSeed(analogRead(A0));              // boştaki A0'dan rastgele tohum / random seed from the unconnected A0
80}
81
82void loop() {
83  for (byte f = 0; f < FRAME_COUNT; f++) {
84    loadFrame(f);
85    holdFor(500);
86  }
87  for (byte i = 0; i < 3; i++) sweep();
88  rain(80);
89}

1# Pico + 2 adet 74HCT595 ile 4x4x4 LED küp / 4x4x4 LED cube with a Pico + two 74HCT595s
2from machine import Pin, SPI
3import time
4import random
5
6# GP18 = SCK -> SH_CP, GP19 = MOSI -> DS; GP16 (MISO) boş kalır / GP16 (MISO) stays unconnected
7spi = SPI(0, baudrate=1000000, polarity=0, phase=0, sck=Pin(18), mosi=Pin(19))
8latch = Pin(17, Pin.OUT, value=0)                                # ST_CP
9layers = [Pin(n, Pin.OUT, value=0) for n in (10, 11, 12, 13)]    # alttan üste, 470 ohm ile / bottom to top, via 470 ohm
10
11def write16(v):
12    latch.value(0)
13    spi.write(bytes((v >> 8, v & 0xFF)))    # önce uzaktaki entegre / far chip first
14    latch.value(1)                          # çıkışlara aktar / copy to the outputs
15
16def show(frame, ms):
17    # kareyi ms boyunca katman katman tara / scan the frame layer by layer for ms
18    end = time.ticks_add(time.ticks_ms(), ms)
19    while time.ticks_diff(end, time.ticks_ms()) > 0:
20        for z in range(4):
21            write16(frame[z])
22            layers[z].value(1)              # katmanı aç / layer on
23            time.sleep_us(2000)
24            layers[z].value(0)              # sütunlar değişmeden kapat / off before the columns change
25
26FRAMES = [
27    [0x9009, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x9009],       # 8 köşe / 8 corners
28    [0xF99F, 0x9009, 0x9009, 0xF99F],       # tel kafes / wireframe
29    [0x0000, 0x0660, 0x0660, 0x0000],       # içteki küp / inner cube
30]
31
32while True:
33    for f in FRAMES:
34        show(f, 600)
35    cube = [0, 0, 0, 0]
36    for _ in range(60):                     # yağmur: her şey bir kat iner / rain: everything drops a layer
37        drop = (1 << random.getrandbits(4)) | (1 << random.getrandbits(4))
38        cube = cube[1:] + [drop]
39        show(cube, 120)

1// WS2812B ile 4x4x4 RGB LED küp / 4x4x4 RGB LED cube with WS2812B
2#include <Adafruit_NeoPixel.h>
3
4const byte DATA_PIN = 6;                   // 330 ohm ile ilk LED'in DIN ucuna / to the first LED's DIN via 330 ohm
5const byte N = 4;
6Adafruit_NeoPixel cube(N * N * N, DATA_PIN, NEO_GRB + NEO_KHZ800);
7
8uint16_t idx(byte x, byte y, byte z) {     // koordinattan zincirdeki sıraya / coordinate to position in the chain
9  return z * 16 + y * 4 + x;               // düz (zikzaksız) kablolama varsayılır / assumes straight, non-zigzag wiring
10}
11
12void setup() {
13  cube.begin();
14  cube.setBrightness(40);                  // parlaklığı ve akımı sınırla (0-255) / limit brightness and current (0-255)
15}
16
17void loop() {
18  static uint16_t hue = 0;
19  for (byte z = 0; z < N; z++)
20    for (byte y = 0; y < N; y++)
21      for (byte x = 0; x < N; x++)         // her katman farklı tonda / each layer gets a different hue
22        cube.setPixelColor(idx(x, y, z), cube.gamma32(cube.ColorHSV(hue + z * 8192U)));
23  cube.show();
24  hue += 256;                              // gökkuşağını kaydır / shift the rainbow
25  delay(20);
26}